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  African Americans in Congress : a documentary history

  Author

  Freedman, Eric.  

  Publisher:

  CQ Press,

  Pub date:

  c2008.

  Physical desc:

  xvii, 574 p. :

  ISBN:

  9780872893856

  Copy info:

  1 copy available in Shelved by call number, A-L 4th Floor, N-Z 3rd Floor.
  1 copy total in all locations.

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  Freedman, Eric.
  
  
  

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  African Americans in Congress : a documentary history
  Freedman, Eric.
  

  ISBN:

  9780872893856 (hardbound : alk. paper)

  ISBN:

  0872893855 (hardbound : alk. paper)

  Personal Author:

  Freedman, Eric.

  Title:

  African Americans in Congress : a documentary history / Eric Freedman, Stephen A. Jones.

  Publication info:

  Washington, D.C. : CQ Press, c2008.

  Physical descrip:

  xvii, 574 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.

  Bibliography note:

  Includes bibliographical references (p. 553-560) and index.

  Contents:

  Preface -- 1. The Revolutionary War to Dred Scott : the antecedents of political empowerment, 1776-1857 -- Documents -- 1. Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 -- 1.2. Petition for voting rights from seven African American men, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, March 1780 -- 1.3. Northwest Ordinance, July 13, 1787 -- 1.4. Constitution of the United States, September 17, 1787 -- 1.5. A petition of four free blacks to the United States House of Representatives, as presented to Congress on January 30, 1797 -- 1.6. Missouri Compromise, March 6, 1820 -- 1.7. Excerpt from pamphlet by Maria W. Stewart, Boston, October 1831 -- 1.8. William Hamilton addresses the Fourth Annual National Negro Convention, New York, June 2, 1834 -- 1.9. Appeal of forty thousand citizens, threatened with disfranchisement, to the People of Pennsylvania, 1838 -- 1.10. Charles L. Remond decries segregation before a committee of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1842 -- 1.11a. Henry Clay's resolution, January 29, 1850 -- 1.11b. Fugitive Slave Act, September 18, 1850 -- 1.12. Frederick Douglass outlines his political philosophy for the Rochester ladies Anti-Slavery Society, Rochester, New York, July 5, 1852 -- 1.13. An act to organize the territories of Nebraska and Kansas, May 30, 1854 -- 1.14. Judgment in the U.S. Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford, March 6, 1857 --

  Contents:

  2. The Civil War : the slavery debate erupts, 1860-1865 -- Documents -- 2.1. Declaration of the immediate causes which induce and justify the secession of South Carlina from the Federal Union, adopted December 24, 1860 -- 2.2. Permanent Constitution of the Confederate States of America, March 11, 1861 -- 2.3a. Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862 -- 2.3b. Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863 -- 2.4. Correspondence about the Union Naval Service of Robert Smalls, May 1862 and January 1883 -- 2.5. Petition of the Colored Citizens of Queens County, New York, September 1862 -- 2.6. Letters about the New York City Draft Riots from eyewitness Edward Markoe Wright to his mother, July 1863 -- 2.7. Army appropriations bill mandating equal treatment of African American soldiers in the Union Army, June 15, 1864 -- 2.8. Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, passed by Congress January 31, 1865, ratified December 6, 1865 -- 2.9. Confederate authorization to enlist slaves, as promulgated by the Confederate Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, March 23, 1865 -- 2.10. Freedmen's Bureau Act, March 3, 1865 --

  Contents:

  3. Reconstruction : increasing rights and political empowerment, 1868-1883 -- Documents -- 3.1. Articles of Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson, presented to the Senate by Rep. John A. Bingham, R-Ohio, march 4, 1868 -- 3.2. Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, proposed to the states by Congress June 16, 1866, ratified July 9, 1868 -- 3.3. Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, passed by Congress February 26, 1869, ratified February 3, 1870 -- 3.4. Senate debate on the seating of Hiram R. Revels of Mississippi, February 23-25, 1870 -- 3.5. Sen. Hiram R. Revels, R-Miss., speaks in support of school desegregation in Washington, D.C., February 8, 1871 -- 3.6. Rep. Robert C. De Large, R-S.C., supports the Ku Klux Klan Act, April 6, 1871 -- 3.7. Rep. Robert B. Elliott, R-S.C., opposes legislation offering amnesty to former Confederates, March 14, 1871 -- 3.8. P.B.S. Pinchback argues for a seat in Congress, June 8, 1874 -- 3.9. Rep. John R. Lynch, R-Miss., speaks in support of the Civil Rights Bill, February 3, 1875 -- 3.10. Mississippi in 1875, Report of the Senate Select Committee to inquire into the Mississippi election of 1876, August 7, 1876 -- 3.11. Senate Select Committee report on the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, April 2, 1880 -- 3.12. U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Civil Rights Cases, October 15, 1883 --

  Contents:

  4. After reconstruction : political disenfranchisement and banishment, 1880-1904 -- Documents -- 4.1. Benjamin Singleton testifies before the Senate Select Committee to Investigate the Causes of the Removal of the Negroes from the Southern States to the Northern States, April 17, 1880 -- 4.2. U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Ku-Klux cases, ex parte Yarbrough, March 3, 1884 -- 4.3. Rep. James E. O'Hara, R.-N.C., speaks against a bill to regulate the oleomargarine industry June 2, 1886 -- 4.4. Excerpts from House debate on the Federal Elections Bill, July 1890 -- 4.5. U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, May 18, 1896 -- 4.6. Afro-American Sentinel editorial on William Jennings Bryan and his support of Rep. Henry P. Cheatham, R-N.C., August 29, 1896 -- 4.7. Amended Constitution of Louisiana, 1898 -- 4.8. The Democratic Hand Book, 1898, North Carolina -- 4.9. Newspaper accounts chronicling lynching and vigilantism 1891-1904 -- 4.10. Rep. George H. White, R-N.C., delivers his valedictory speech on the floor of the House of Representatives, January 29, 1901 -- 4.11. A Republican Text-book for colored Voters, 1901 -- 4.12. George E. Taylor accepts the National LIberty Party's Presidential nomination, July 1904 --

  Contents:

  5. The early twentieth century to the civil rights movement : a slow return to Washington, 1913-1964 -- Documents -- 5.1. Seventeenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed by Congress May 13, 1912, ratified April 8, 1913 -- 5.2. U.S. Supreme Court decision in Nixon v. Herndon, March 7, 1927 -- 5.3. Rep. Oscar S. De Priest, R-Ill., challenges segregation of the restaurant of the Capitol, March 21, 1934 -- 5.4. Rep. Arthur W. Mitchell, D-Ill., addresses declining support among blacks for the Republican Party, June 1, 1936 -- 5.5. Mary McLeod Bethune reports to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on the problems of the Negro and Negro youth, January 18, 1937 -- 5.6. Executive Order 8802, Prohibition of Discrimination in the Defense Industry, June 25, 1941 -- 5.7. "Civil War II," from Marching Blacks, by Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., 1945 -- 5.8. Executive Order 9981, desegregation of the Armed Forces, July 26, 1948 -- 5.9. U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, May 17, 1954 -- 5.10. Rep. Charles C. Diggs Jr., D-Mich., argues for voter rights legislation, June 10, 1957 -- 5.11. Civil Rights Act of 1964, July 2, 1964 --

  Contents:

  6. The civil rights movement and beyond : equal rights and political empowerment, 1965-1993 -- Documents -- 6.1. Voting Rights Act of 1965, August 6, 1965 -- 6.2. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., describes the foundling of the Congressional Black Caucus in 1971 -- 6.3. President Richard M. Nixon's letter to members of the Congressional Black Caucus, May 18, 1971 -- 6.4. Rep. Ronald V. Dellums, D-Calif., recalls the fight for a prized committee assignment in January 1973 -- 6.5. Opening statements of House Judiciary Committee members John Conyers Jr., D-Mich., Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., and Barbara C. Jordan, D-Texas, on the impeachment of President Richard M. Nixon, July 1974 -- 6.6. Office of Management and Budget analyzes Congressional Black Caucus proposals, September 1974 -- 6.7. Excerpts from the 1975 Congressional Black Caucus Legislative Agenda, March 5, 1975 -- 6.8. President Jimmy Carter's remarks at the swearing-in of Rep. Andrew J. Young Jr., D-Ga., as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, January 30, 1977 -- 6.9. Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act, October 27, 1978 -- 6.10. Legislation creating the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday, November 2, 1983 -- 6.11. Comprehensive Anti-apartheid Act of 1986, October 2, 1986 -- 6.12. Congressional Black Caucus Fiscal Year 1991 Alternative Budget, April 1990 --

  Contents:

  7. The modern era : the congressional black caucus and the "Republican revolution," 1994-2007 -- Documents -- 7.1. Letter by House Committee chairs opposing the appointment of Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court, September 11, 1991 -- 7.2. Republican contract with America, September 27, 1994 -- 7.3. Rep. Sanford D. Bishop Jr., D-Ga., supports the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, July 31, 1996 -- 7.4. Rep. J.C. Watts Jr., R-Okla., delivers the GOP reply to President Bill Clinton's State of the Union Address, February 4, 1997 -- 7.5. Minority report of the House Committee on the Judiciary on the Impeachment of President Bill Clinton, December 16, 1998 -- 7.6. Black Caucus members challenge Florida electoral college votes in the 2000 election, January 6, 2001 -- 7. 7. Rep. John Conyers Jr., D-Mich., attacks challenge to Affirmative Action, April 1, 2003 -- 7.8. Congressional Black Caucus opposes the nomination of John G. Roberts Jr. as Chief Justice, September 20, 2005 -- 7.9. Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., on "Teaching our kids in a 21st century economy," October 25, 2005 -- 7.10. Renewal of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, July 27, 2006 --

  Contents:

  8. African Americans run for office : campaigns and elections -- Documents -- 8.1. J. Willis Menard, R-La., tries to claim a seat, February 27, 1869 -- 8.2. Rep. John R. Lynch, R-Miss., recollects his election campaigns, 1872-1882 -- 8.3. James W. Ford Accepts the 1936 Communist Party nomination for Vice President, June 1936 -- 8.4. Edward W. Brooke III of Massachusetts discusses Republican conservatism, 1966 -- 8.5a. Campaign flyer for Charles B. Rangel in New York's Nineteenth Congressional District, June 1972 -- 8.5.b. Campaign flyer for Livingston L. Wingate in New York's Nineteenth Congressional District, June 1972 -- 8.6. Harold Washington delivers his first inaugural address as Mayor of Chicago, April 29, 1983 -- 8.7. Republican Reps. Gary A. Franks of Connecticut and J.C. Watts Jr. of Oklahoma describe their first campaigns in 1990 and 1994 -- 8.8. Republican Alan Keyes and Democrat Barack Obama debate the issues in the Illinois election for U.S. Senate, October 21, 2004 -- 8.9. Political endorsements for Democratic House candidate Keith Ellison of Minnesota, 2006 -- 8.10. Sen. Elizabeth H. Dole, R-N.C., and Sen. Charles E. Schumer, D-N.Y., discuss the Ford and Steele campaigns with Tim Russert on Meet the Press, November 5, 2006 --

  Contents:

  9. African Americans face a political reality : ethics and corruption investigations -- Documents -- 9.1a. Editorial and letter to the editor opposing Rep. William L. Dawson, D-Ill., as potential Postmaster General, Chicago Daily News, December 1960 -- 9.1b. Letters to President-elect John F. Kennedy, opposing consideration of Rep. Dawson as possible Postmaster General, December 1960 -- 9.2. House resolution to seat Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., January 3, 1969 -- 9.3. Appeals Court affirms the corruption conviction of Rep. Charles C. Diggs Jr., D-Mich., in U.S. v. Diggs, November 14, 1979 -- 9.4. Articles of Impeachment against Judge Alcee L. Hastings, October 20, 1989 -- 9.5. Resolution of House Committee on Official Standards authorizing an investigation of Rep. Gus Savage, D-Ill., August 3, 1989, and Savage's letter of apology, November 20, 1989 -- 9.6. Judge's decision upholding mistrial in criminal case against Rep. Harold E. Ford, D-Tenn., in U.S. v. Ford, April 10, 1991 -- 9.7. Federal indictment of Rep. Melvin J. Reynolds, D-Ill., in U.S. v. Melvin J. Reynolds and Marisol C. Reynolds, November 7, 1996 -- 9.8. Opening appellate brief of former Rep. Walter R. Tucker III, D-Calif, in U.S. v Walter R. Tucker, May 13, 1997 -- 9.9 Justice Department press release announces criminal case against former Del. Walter E. Fauntroy, D-D.C., March 22, 1995 -- 9.10. Congressional accountability project letter accusing Rep. Barbara-Rose Collins, D-Mich., of ethics violations, October 3, 1995 -- 9.11a. Rep. Frank W. Ballance Jr.'s resignation letter, June 8, 2004 -- 9.11b. Statement of House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., on Rep. Ballance's resignation, June 8, 2004 -- 9.12. U.S. Court of Appeals decision on the search of the Capitol Hill office of Rep. William R. Jefferson, D-La., August 3, 2007 --

  Contents:

  10. African American women in Congress : a long road to office -- Documents -- 10.1. Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed by Congress on June 4, 1919, ratified August 18, 1920 -- 10.2. Rep. Shirley A. Chisholm, D-N.Y. , supports the Equal Rights Amendment, August 10, 1970 -- 10.3. Letter to President Ronald Reagan from the Congressional Caucus on Women's Issues, September 28, 1982 -- 10.4. Rep. Katie B. Hall, D-Ind., leads debate on bill to establish a national holiday honoring Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., August 2, 1983 -- 10.5. Rep. Barbara C. Jordan, D-Texas, reflects on President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society, April 1985 -- 10.6. Sen. Carol Moseley-Braun, D-Ill., pleads the case of battered women, March 30, 1990 -- 10.7. Rep. Cardiss Collins, D-Ill., urges the House to approve the Child Safety Protection Act, May 23, 1994 -- 10.8. Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee, D-Texas, eulogizes Rep. Barbara C. Jordan, January 24, 1996 -- 10.9. Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee, D-Texas, argues against impeaching President Bill Clinton, October 6, 1998 -- 10.10. Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif., attacks Republicans on Iraq War policies in House debate, June 14, 2006 -- 10.11. Rep. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, D-Mich., pleads for action on Darfur crisis, September 20, 2006 -- 10.12. Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, D-D.C., introduces the D.C. House Voting Rights Bill of 2007, March 12, 2007 --

  Contents:

  11. African American lawmakers fight racism : representatives of an excluded people -- Documents -- 11.1. Sen. Blanche K. Bruce, R-Miss., discusses American Indian policy on the Senate floor, April 6, 1880 -- 11.2. Rep. James E. O'Hara, R-N.C., seeks to end segregation on railroads, December 17, 884 -- 11.3. Rep. Thomas E. Miller, R-S.C., calls for civil rights protections, January 12, 1891 -- 11.4. Opponents filibuster Gavagan Anti-Lynching Bill, January 7, 1938 -- 11.5. Letter to Rep. Oscar S. De Priest, R-Ill. from Rep. J.C. Shaffer, R-Va., June 18, 1929 -- 11.6. Rep. William L. Dawson's letter to Assistant Secretary of War John J. McCloy, February 28, 1944 -- 11.7. Rep. Charles C. Diggs Jr., D-Mich., comments on Emmett Till murder trial as he enters Look magazine article into the Congressional Record, January 12, 1956 -- 11.8. African American lawmakers oppose the hanging of Rep. Howard W. Smith portrait in HOuse Rules Committee Room, January 24 and 25, 1995 -- 11.9. Democrats express their opposition to the Effective Death Penalty Act of 1995, February 8, 1995 -- 11.10. Sen. Carol Moseley-Braun, D-Ill., argues for resolution of church burnings, June 13, 1996 -- 11.11. Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, D-D.C., speaks on Racial Profiling Prohibition Act, May 17, 2001 -- 11.12. Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr., D-Ill., attacks the comments made by Sen. Trent Lott, R-Miss., December 14, 2002 --

  Contents:

  12. African American lawmakers address war : peace, war and patriotism -- Documents -- 12.1. Sen. Blanche K. Bruce, R-Miss., condemns the mutilation of a black cadet at West Point, April 9, 1880 -- 12.2. House Committee on Internal Security Hearings about Students for a Democratic Society, July 1969 -- 12.3. Dellums committee hearings on U.S. Military Policy and War Crimes in Vietnam, 1971 -- 12.4. Rep. Ralph H. Metcalfe, D-Ill., questions Rep. Robert C. Eckhardt, D-Texas, about passenger searches before the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Transportation and Aeronautics, February 27, 1973 -- 12.5. U.S. District Court decision in Dellums v. Bush, December 13, 1990 -- 12.6. Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act, October 9, 1997 -- 12.7. African American lawmakers speak on the House floor about the attacks of September 11, 2001 -- 12.8. Congressional Black Caucus members engage in House debate on the USA PATRIOT Act, October 12, 2001 -- 12.9. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., justifies resumption of the military draft, November 21, 2006 -- 12.10. Members of the Congressional Black Caucus participate in the House debates on U.S. military intervention in Iraq, March 19, 2003 --

  Contents:

  13. African American lawmakers and international affairs : America as a world power -- Documents -- 13.1. Rep. Josiah T. Walls, R-Fla., speaks on Cuban belligerency, January 24, 1874 -- 13.2. Rep. George H. White, R-N.C., calls for annexation of the Philippines, January 26, 1899 -- 13.3. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., questions administration witnesses during House Committee hearings on Southeast Asian narcotics, July 1977 -- 13.4a. Court decision in Crockett v. Reagan rejects challenge to U.S. policy in El Salvador, October 4, 1982 -- 13.4b. Federal Judge rebuffs challenge to U.S. policy in Nicaragua in Sanchez-Espinoza v. Reagan, August 1, 1983 -- 13.5. Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, D.-D.C., discusses fighting AIDS in Africa on the House floor, March 14, 2001 -- 13.6. Rep. Gregory W. Meeks, D-N.Y., attacks U.S. role in the ouster of Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, March 3, 2004 -- 13.7. Congressional Black Caucus's letter to British Prime Minister Tony Blair, June 7, 2005 -- 13.8. Rep. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, D-Mich., criticizes CAFTA trade legislation, July 27, 2005 -- 13.9. Congressional Black Caucus members are arrested in Darfur protest, May 16, 2006 -- 13.10. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., and Rep. Al Green, D-Texas, speak about attacks on Israel, July 19, 2006 -- 13.11. Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., speaks about the Secure Fence Act, September 21, 2006 --

  Contents:

  14. At the heart of the African American experience : the struggle for economic justice -- Documents -- 14.1. Rep. Benjamin S. Turner, R-Ala., proposes a refund of the Cotton Tax on the House floor, May 31, 1872 -- 14.2. Rep. George W. Murray, R-S.C., discusses impact of monetary policy, August 24, 1893 -- 14.3. Rep. George H. White, R-N.C., supports tariffs to protect Southern laborers, March 31, 1897 -- 14.4. NAACP Executive Secretary Walter White's letter to President Herbert Hoover, February 4, 1932 -- 14.5. Rep. Shirley A. Chisholm, D-N.Y., campaigns for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, 1972 -- 14.6. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., calls for greater attention to the needs of the poor, May 1973 -- 14.7. Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act, introduced in House November 20, 1989 -- 14.8. Rep. Major R.O. Owens, D-N.Y., raps about the war in Iraq on the House floor, July 18, 2003 -- 14.9. Fair Pay Act of 2005, introduced April 19, 2005 -- 14.10. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., urges relief for Hurricane Katrina victims, March 14, 2006 --

  Contents:

  15. Visions of America : the dream and the reality -- Documents -- 15.1. Rep. Josiah T. Walls, R-Fla., discusses America's Centennial Celebration, May 7, 1874 -- 15.2. Rep. Richard H. Cain, R-S.C., speaks on civil rights legislation, January 10, 1874 -- 15.3. Rep. Shirley A. Chisholm, D-N.Y., addresses the needs of America's young people, 1970 -- 15.4. Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., explains black political and social activism, 1971 -- 15.5. Rep. Barbara C. Jordan, D-Texas, delivers the keynote speech at the 1976 Democratic National Convention -- 15.6. Rep. Louis Stokes, D-Ohio, comments on the "peace dividend," February 7, 1990 -- 15.7. Rep. Gary A. Franks, R-Conn., discusses black empowerment, February 24, 1993 -- 15.8. Rep. J.C. Watts Jr., R-Okla., describes his vision of the American dream, August 13, 1996 -- 15.9. Rep. John R. Lewis, D-Ga., discusses the "beloved community," 1998 -- 15.10. Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., discusses the importance of leadership and universal health care, January 25, 2007 --

  Contents:

  Appendix A : Chronology of major events -- Appendix B : African American members of the 110th United States Congress -- Appendix C : African American members of Congress, 1870-2007 -- Selected bibliography -- Text credits -- Index.

  Corporate subject:

  United States. Congress--History--Sources.

  Subject term:

  African American legislators.

  Subject term:

  Legislators--United States.

  Subject term:

  African Americans--Politics and government--Sources.

  Added author:

  Jones, Stephen A. (Stephen Alan), 1951-

________________________________________________

ISBN:

9780872893856 (hardbound : alk. paper)

ISBN:

0872893855 (hardbound : alk. paper)

Personal Author:

Freedman, Eric.

Title:

African Americans in Congress : a documentary history / Eric Freedman, Stephen A. Jones.

Publication info:

Washington, D.C. : CQ Press, c2008.

Physical descrip:

xvii, 574 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.

Bibliography note:

Includes bibliographical references (p. 553-560) and index.

Contents:

Preface -- 1. The Revolutionary War to Dred Scott : the antecedents of political empowerment, 1776-1857 -- Documents -- 1. Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 -- 1.2. Petition for voting rights from seven African American men, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, March 1780 -- 1.3. Northwest Ordinance, July 13, 1787 -- 1.4. Constitution of the United States, September 17, 1787 -- 1.5. A petition of four free blacks to the United States House of Representatives, as presented to Congress on January 30, 1797 -- 1.6. Missouri Compromise, March 6, 1820 -- 1.7. Excerpt from pamphlet by Maria W. Stewart, Boston, October 1831 -- 1.8. William Hamilton addresses the Fourth Annual National Negro Convention, New York, June 2, 1834 -- 1.9. Appeal of forty thousand citizens, threatened with disfranchisement, to the People of Pennsylvania, 1838 -- 1.10. Charles L. Remond decries segregation before a committee of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1842 -- 1.11a. Henry Clay's resolution, January 29, 1850 -- 1.11b. Fugitive Slave Act, September 18, 1850 -- 1.12. Frederick Douglass outlines his political philosophy for the Rochester ladies Anti-Slavery Society, Rochester, New York, July 5, 1852 -- 1.13. An act to organize the territories of Nebraska and Kansas, May 30, 1854 -- 1.14. Judgment in the U.S. Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford, March 6, 1857 --

Contents:

2. The Civil War : the slavery debate erupts, 1860-1865 -- Documents -- 2.1. Declaration of the immediate causes which induce and justify the secession of South Carlina from the Federal Union, adopted December 24, 1860 -- 2.2. Permanent Constitution of the Confederate States of America, March 11, 1861 -- 2.3a. Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862 -- 2.3b. Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863 -- 2.4. Correspondence about the Union Naval Service of Robert Smalls, May 1862 and January 1883 -- 2.5. Petition of the Colored Citizens of Queens County, New York, September 1862 -- 2.6. Letters about the New York City Draft Riots from eyewitness Edward Markoe Wright to his mother, July 1863 -- 2.7. Army appropriations bill mandating equal treatment of African American soldiers in the Union Army, June 15, 1864 -- 2.8. Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, passed by Congress January 31, 1865, ratified December 6, 1865 -- 2.9. Confederate authorization to enlist slaves, as promulgated by the Confederate Adjutant and Inspector General's Office, March 23, 1865 -- 2.10. Freedmen's Bureau Act, March 3, 1865 --

Contents:

3. Reconstruction : increasing rights and political empowerment, 1868-1883 -- Documents -- 3.1. Articles of Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson, presented to the Senate by Rep. John A. Bingham, R-Ohio, march 4, 1868 -- 3.2. Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, proposed to the states by Congress June 16, 1866, ratified July 9, 1868 -- 3.3. Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, passed by Congress February 26, 1869, ratified February 3, 1870 -- 3.4. Senate debate on the seating of Hiram R. Revels of Mississippi, February 23-25, 1870 -- 3.5. Sen. Hiram R. Revels, R-Miss., speaks in support of school desegregation in Washington, D.C., February 8, 1871 -- 3.6. Rep. Robert C. De Large, R-S.C., supports the Ku Klux Klan Act, April 6, 1871 -- 3.7. Rep. Robert B. Elliott, R-S.C., opposes legislation offering amnesty to former Confederates, March 14, 1871 -- 3.8. P.B.S. Pinchback argues for a seat in Congress, June 8, 1874 -- 3.9. Rep. John R. Lynch, R-Miss., speaks in support of the Civil Rights Bill, February 3, 1875 -- 3.10. Mississippi in 1875, Report of the Senate Select Committee to inquire into the Mississippi election of 1876, August 7, 1876 -- 3.11. Senate Select Committee report on the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, April 2, 1880 -- 3.12. U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Civil Rights Cases, October 15, 1883 --

Contents:

4. After reconstruction : political disenfranchisement and banishment, 1880-1904 -- Documents -- 4.1. Benjamin Singleton testifies before the Senate Select Committee to Investigate the Causes of the Removal of the Negroes from the Southern States to the Northern States, April 17, 1880 -- 4.2. U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Ku-Klux cases, ex parte Yarbrough, March 3, 1884 -- 4.3. Rep. James E. O'Hara, R.-N.C., speaks against a bill to regulate the oleomargarine industry June 2, 1886 -- 4.4. Excerpts from House debate on the Federal Elections Bill, July 1890 -- 4.5. U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, May 18, 1896 -- 4.6. Afro-American Sentinel editorial on William Jennings Bryan and his support of Rep. Henry P. Cheatham, R-N.C., August 29, 1896 -- 4.7. Amended Constitution of Louisiana, 1898 -- 4.8. The Democratic Hand Book, 1898, North Carolina -- 4.9. Newspaper accounts chronicling lynching and vigilantism 1891-1904 -- 4.10. Rep. George H. White, R-N.C., delivers his valedictory speech on the floor of the House of Representatives, January 29, 1901 -- 4.11. A Republican Text-book for colored Voters, 1901 -- 4.12. George E. Taylor accepts the National LIberty Party's Presidential nomination, July 1904 --

Contents:

5. The early twentieth century to the civil rights movement : a slow return to Washington, 1913-1964 -- Documents -- 5.1. Seventeenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed by Congress May 13, 1912, ratified April 8, 1913 -- 5.2. U.S. Supreme Court decision in Nixon v. Herndon, March 7, 1927 -- 5.3. Rep. Oscar S. De Priest, R-Ill., challenges segregation of the restaurant of the Capitol, March 21, 1934 -- 5.4. Rep. Arthur W. Mitchell, D-Ill., addresses declining support among blacks for the Republican Party, June 1, 1936 -- 5.5. Mary McLeod Bethune reports to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on the problems of the Negro and Negro youth, January 18, 1937 -- 5.6. Executive Order 8802, Prohibition of Discrimination in the Defense Industry, June 25, 1941 -- 5.7. "Civil War II," from Marching Blacks, by Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., 1945 -- 5.8. Executive Order 9981, desegregation of the Armed Forces, July 26, 1948 -- 5.9. U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, May 17, 1954 -- 5.10. Rep. Charles C. Diggs Jr., D-Mich., argues for voter rights legislation, June 10, 1957 -- 5.11. Civil Rights Act of 1964, July 2, 1964 --

Contents:

6. The civil rights movement and beyond : equal rights and political empowerment, 1965-1993 -- Documents -- 6.1. Voting Rights Act of 1965, August 6, 1965 -- 6.2. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., describes the foundling of the Congressional Black Caucus in 1971 -- 6.3. President Richard M. Nixon's letter to members of the Congressional Black Caucus, May 18, 1971 -- 6.4. Rep. Ronald V. Dellums, D-Calif., recalls the fight for a prized committee assignment in January 1973 -- 6.5. Opening statements of House Judiciary Committee members John Conyers Jr., D-Mich., Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., and Barbara C. Jordan, D-Texas, on the impeachment of President Richard M. Nixon, July 1974 -- 6.6. Office of Management and Budget analyzes Congressional Black Caucus proposals, September 1974 -- 6.7. Excerpts from the 1975 Congressional Black Caucus Legislative Agenda, March 5, 1975 -- 6.8. President Jimmy Carter's remarks at the swearing-in of Rep. Andrew J. Young Jr., D-Ga., as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, January 30, 1977 -- 6.9. Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act, October 27, 1978 -- 6.10. Legislation creating the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday, November 2, 1983 -- 6.11. Comprehensive Anti-apartheid Act of 1986, October 2, 1986 -- 6.12. Congressional Black Caucus Fiscal Year 1991 Alternative Budget, April 1990 --

Contents:

7. The modern era : the congressional black caucus and the "Republican revolution," 1994-2007 -- Documents -- 7.1. Letter by House Committee chairs opposing the appointment of Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court, September 11, 1991 -- 7.2. Republican contract with America, September 27, 1994 -- 7.3. Rep. Sanford D. Bishop Jr., D-Ga., supports the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, July 31, 1996 -- 7.4. Rep. J.C. Watts Jr., R-Okla., delivers the GOP reply to President Bill Clinton's State of the Union Address, February 4, 1997 -- 7.5. Minority report of the House Committee on the Judiciary on the Impeachment of President Bill Clinton, December 16, 1998 -- 7.6. Black Caucus members challenge Florida electoral college votes in the 2000 election, January 6, 2001 -- 7. 7. Rep. John Conyers Jr., D-Mich., attacks challenge to Affirmative Action, April 1, 2003 -- 7.8. Congressional Black Caucus opposes the nomination of John G. Roberts Jr. as Chief Justice, September 20, 2005 -- 7.9. Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., on "Teaching our kids in a 21st century economy," October 25, 2005 -- 7.10. Renewal of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, July 27, 2006 --

Contents:

8. African Americans run for office : campaigns and elections -- Documents -- 8.1. J. Willis Menard, R-La., tries to claim a seat, February 27, 1869 -- 8.2. Rep. John R. Lynch, R-Miss., recollects his election campaigns, 1872-1882 -- 8.3. James W. Ford Accepts the 1936 Communist Party nomination for Vice President, June 1936 -- 8.4. Edward W. Brooke III of Massachusetts discusses Republican conservatism, 1966 -- 8.5a. Campaign flyer for Charles B. Rangel in New York's Nineteenth Congressional District, June 1972 -- 8.5.b. Campaign flyer for Livingston L. Wingate in New York's Nineteenth Congressional District, June 1972 -- 8.6. Harold Washington delivers his first inaugural address as Mayor of Chicago, April 29, 1983 -- 8.7. Republican Reps. Gary A. Franks of Connecticut and J.C. Watts Jr. of Oklahoma describe their first campaigns in 1990 and 1994 -- 8.8. Republican Alan Keyes and Democrat Barack Obama debate the issues in the Illinois election for U.S. Senate, October 21, 2004 -- 8.9. Political endorsements for Democratic House candidate Keith Ellison of Minnesota, 2006 -- 8.10. Sen. Elizabeth H. Dole, R-N.C., and Sen. Charles E. Schumer, D-N.Y., discuss the Ford and Steele campaigns with Tim Russert on Meet the Press, November 5, 2006 --

Contents:

9. African Americans face a political reality : ethics and corruption investigations -- Documents -- 9.1a. Editorial and letter to the editor opposing Rep. William L. Dawson, D-Ill., as potential Postmaster General, Chicago Daily News, December 1960 -- 9.1b. Letters to President-elect John F. Kennedy, opposing consideration of Rep. Dawson as possible Postmaster General, December 1960 -- 9.2. House resolution to seat Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., January 3, 1969 -- 9.3. Appeals Court affirms the corruption conviction of Rep. Charles C. Diggs Jr., D-Mich., in U.S. v. Diggs, November 14, 1979 -- 9.4. Articles of Impeachment against Judge Alcee L. Hastings, October 20, 1989 -- 9.5. Resolution of House Committee on Official Standards authorizing an investigation of Rep. Gus Savage, D-Ill., August 3, 1989, and Savage's letter of apology, November 20, 1989 -- 9.6. Judge's decision upholding mistrial in criminal case against Rep. Harold E. Ford, D-Tenn., in U.S. v. Ford, April 10, 1991 -- 9.7. Federal indictment of Rep. Melvin J. Reynolds, D-Ill., in U.S. v. Melvin J. Reynolds and Marisol C. Reynolds, November 7, 1996 -- 9.8. Opening appellate brief of former Rep. Walter R. Tucker III, D-Calif, in U.S. v Walter R. Tucker, May 13, 1997 -- 9.9 Justice Department press release announces criminal case against former Del. Walter E. Fauntroy, D-D.C., March 22, 1995 -- 9.10. Congressional accountability project letter accusing Rep. Barbara-Rose Collins, D-Mich., of ethics violations, October 3, 1995 -- 9.11a. Rep. Frank W. Ballance Jr.'s resignation letter, June 8, 2004 -- 9.11b. Statement of House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., on Rep. Ballance's resignation, June 8, 2004 -- 9.12. U.S. Court of Appeals decision on the search of the Capitol Hill office of Rep. William R. Jefferson, D-La., August 3, 2007 --

Contents:

10. African American women in Congress : a long road to office -- Documents -- 10.1. Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed by Congress on June 4, 1919, ratified August 18, 1920 -- 10.2. Rep. Shirley A. Chisholm, D-N.Y. , supports the Equal Rights Amendment, August 10, 1970 -- 10.3. Letter to President Ronald Reagan from the Congressional Caucus on Women's Issues, September 28, 1982 -- 10.4. Rep. Katie B. Hall, D-Ind., leads debate on bill to establish a national holiday honoring Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., August 2, 1983 -- 10.5. Rep. Barbara C. Jordan, D-Texas, reflects on President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society, April 1985 -- 10.6. Sen. Carol Moseley-Braun, D-Ill., pleads the case of battered women, March 30, 1990 -- 10.7. Rep. Cardiss Collins, D-Ill., urges the House to approve the Child Safety Protection Act, May 23, 1994 -- 10.8. Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee, D-Texas, eulogizes Rep. Barbara C. Jordan, January 24, 1996 -- 10.9. Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee, D-Texas, argues against impeaching President Bill Clinton, October 6, 1998 -- 10.10. Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif., attacks Republicans on Iraq War policies in House debate, June 14, 2006 -- 10.11. Rep. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, D-Mich., pleads for action on Darfur crisis, September 20, 2006 -- 10.12. Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, D-D.C., introduces the D.C. House Voting Rights Bill of 2007, March 12, 2007 --

Contents:

11. African American lawmakers fight racism : representatives of an excluded people -- Documents -- 11.1. Sen. Blanche K. Bruce, R-Miss., discusses American Indian policy on the Senate floor, April 6, 1880 -- 11.2. Rep. James E. O'Hara, R-N.C., seeks to end segregation on railroads, December 17, 884 -- 11.3. Rep. Thomas E. Miller, R-S.C., calls for civil rights protections, January 12, 1891 -- 11.4. Opponents filibuster Gavagan Anti-Lynching Bill, January 7, 1938 -- 11.5. Letter to Rep. Oscar S. De Priest, R-Ill. from Rep. J.C. Shaffer, R-Va., June 18, 1929 -- 11.6. Rep. William L. Dawson's letter to Assistant Secretary of War John J. McCloy, February 28, 1944 -- 11.7. Rep. Charles C. Diggs Jr., D-Mich., comments on Emmett Till murder trial as he enters Look magazine article into the Congressional Record, January 12, 1956 -- 11.8. African American lawmakers oppose the hanging of Rep. Howard W. Smith portrait in HOuse Rules Committee Room, January 24 and 25, 1995 -- 11.9. Democrats express their opposition to the Effective Death Penalty Act of 1995, February 8, 1995 -- 11.10. Sen. Carol Moseley-Braun, D-Ill., argues for resolution of church burnings, June 13, 1996 -- 11.11. Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, D-D.C., speaks on Racial Profiling Prohibition Act, May 17, 2001 -- 11.12. Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr., D-Ill., attacks the comments made by Sen. Trent Lott, R-Miss., December 14, 2002 --

Contents:

12. African American lawmakers address war : peace, war and patriotism -- Documents -- 12.1. Sen. Blanche K. Bruce, R-Miss., condemns the mutilation of a black cadet at West Point, April 9, 1880 -- 12.2. House Committee on Internal Security Hearings about Students for a Democratic Society, July 1969 -- 12.3. Dellums committee hearings on U.S. Military Policy and War Crimes in Vietnam, 1971 -- 12.4. Rep. Ralph H. Metcalfe, D-Ill., questions Rep. Robert C. Eckhardt, D-Texas, about passenger searches before the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Transportation and Aeronautics, February 27, 1973 -- 12.5. U.S. District Court decision in Dellums v. Bush, December 13, 1990 -- 12.6. Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act, October 9, 1997 -- 12.7. African American lawmakers speak on the House floor about the attacks of September 11, 2001 -- 12.8. Congressional Black Caucus members engage in House debate on the USA PATRIOT Act, October 12, 2001 -- 12.9. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., justifies resumption of the military draft, November 21, 2006 -- 12.10. Members of the Congressional Black Caucus participate in the House debates on U.S. military intervention in Iraq, March 19, 2003 --

Contents:

13. African American lawmakers and international affairs : America as a world power -- Documents -- 13.1. Rep. Josiah T. Walls, R-Fla., speaks on Cuban belligerency, January 24, 1874 -- 13.2. Rep. George H. White, R-N.C., calls for annexation of the Philippines, January 26, 1899 -- 13.3. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., questions administration witnesses during House Committee hearings on Southeast Asian narcotics, July 1977 -- 13.4a. Court decision in Crockett v. Reagan rejects challenge to U.S. policy in El Salvador, October 4, 1982 -- 13.4b. Federal Judge rebuffs challenge to U.S. policy in Nicaragua in Sanchez-Espinoza v. Reagan, August 1, 1983 -- 13.5. Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, D.-D.C., discusses fighting AIDS in Africa on the House floor, March 14, 2001 -- 13.6. Rep. Gregory W. Meeks, D-N.Y., attacks U.S. role in the ouster of Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, March 3, 2004 -- 13.7. Congressional Black Caucus's letter to British Prime Minister Tony Blair, June 7, 2005 -- 13.8. Rep. Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, D-Mich., criticizes CAFTA trade legislation, July 27, 2005 -- 13.9. Congressional Black Caucus members are arrested in Darfur protest, May 16, 2006 -- 13.10. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., and Rep. Al Green, D-Texas, speak about attacks on Israel, July 19, 2006 -- 13.11. Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., speaks about the Secure Fence Act, September 21, 2006 --

Contents:

14. At the heart of the African American experience : the struggle for economic justice -- Documents -- 14.1. Rep. Benjamin S. Turner, R-Ala., proposes a refund of the Cotton Tax on the House floor, May 31, 1872 -- 14.2. Rep. George W. Murray, R-S.C., discusses impact of monetary policy, August 24, 1893 -- 14.3. Rep. George H. White, R-N.C., supports tariffs to protect Southern laborers, March 31, 1897 -- 14.4. NAACP Executive Secretary Walter White's letter to President Herbert Hoover, February 4, 1932 -- 14.5. Rep. Shirley A. Chisholm, D-N.Y., campaigns for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, 1972 -- 14.6. Rep. Charles B. Rangel, D-N.Y., calls for greater attention to the needs of the poor, May 1973 -- 14.7. Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act, introduced in House November 20, 1989 -- 14.8. Rep. Major R.O. Owens, D-N.Y., raps about the war in Iraq on the House floor, July 18, 2003 -- 14.9. Fair Pay Act of 2005, introduced April 19, 2005 -- 14.10. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., urges relief for Hurricane Katrina victims, March 14, 2006 --

Contents:

15. Visions of America : the dream and the reality -- Documents -- 15.1. Rep. Josiah T. Walls, R-Fla., discusses America's Centennial Celebration, May 7, 1874 -- 15.2. Rep. Richard H. Cain, R-S.C., speaks on civil rights legislation, January 10, 1874 -- 15.3. Rep. Shirley A. Chisholm, D-N.Y., addresses the needs of America's young people, 1970 -- 15.4. Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., D-N.Y., explains black political and social activism, 1971 -- 15.5. Rep. Barbara C. Jordan, D-Texas, delivers the keynote speech at the 1976 Democratic National Convention -- 15.6. Rep. Louis Stokes, D-Ohio, comments on the "peace dividend," February 7, 1990 -- 15.7. Rep. Gary A. Franks, R-Conn., discusses black empowerment, February 24, 1993 -- 15.8. Rep. J.C. Watts Jr., R-Okla., describes his vision of the American dream, August 13, 1996 -- 15.9. Rep. John R. Lewis, D-Ga., discusses the "beloved community," 1998 -- 15.10. Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., discusses the importance of leadership and universal health care, January 25, 2007 --

Contents:

Appendix A : Chronology of major events -- Appendix B : African American members of the 110th United States Congress -- Appendix C : African American members of Congress, 1870-2007 -- Selected bibliography -- Text credits -- Index.

Corporate subject:

United States. Congress--History--Sources.

Subject term:

African American legislators.

Subject term:

Legislators--United States.

Subject term:

African Americans--Politics and government--Sources.

Added author:

Jones, Stephen A. (Stephen Alan), 1951-